The European migrant crisis, also known as the refugee crisis, is a period beginning in 2015 characterized by rising numbers of people arriving in the European Union (EU) from across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents which began in the mid-20th century and which has encountered resistance in many European countries.
Immigrants from outside Europe include asylum seekers and economic migrants. The term "immigrant" is used by the European Commission to describe a person from a non-EU country establishing his or her usual residence in the territory of an EU country for a period that is, or is expected to be, at least twelve months. Most of the migrants came from Muslim-majority countries in regions south and east of Europe, including the Greater Middle East and Africa.
Drought, poverty, and violence linked to human-caused global warming have accelerated large-scale migration to Europe from the Middle East and Africa. In rare cases, immigration has been a cover for Islamic State militants disguised as refugees or migrants.By religious affiliation, the majority of entrants were Muslim (usually Sunni Muslim), with a small component of non-Muslim minorities (including Yazidis, Assyrians and Mandeans). According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the top three nationalities of entrants of the over one million Mediterranean Sea arrivals between January 2015 and March 2016 were Syrian (46.7 per cent), Afghan(20.9 per cent) and Iraqi (9.4 per cent).
Of the migrants arriving in Europe by sea in 2015, 58 per cent were males over 18 years of age (77 per cent of adults), 17 per cent were females over 18 (22 per cent of adults) and the remaining 25 per cent were under 18. The number of deaths at sea rose to record levels in April 2015, when five boats carrying almost 2,000 migrants to Europe sank in the Mediterranean Sea, with a combined death toll estimated at more than 1,200 people. The shipwrecks took place in a context of ongoing conflicts and refugee crises in several Asian and African countries, which increased the total number of forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2014 to almost 60 million, the highest level since World War II.



